Biofuels face mounting scrutiny in 2026 as evidence reveals significant sustainability, environmental, and economic problems that threaten their role in climate policy. What was once championed as a bridge to decarbonization now confronts well-documented challenges: competition with food production for arable land, lifecycle emissions that often exceed fossil fuel baselines, market distortions from subsidy dependence, and slower-than-promised advances in second-generation technology. These issues are reshaping regulatory debates worldwide, particularly as governments weigh continued biofuel mandates against accelerated investment in …